Daniel 8:7

8:7 I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram ¹  and struck it ²  and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it. ³  The goat hurled the ram ⁴  to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power. ⁵ 

Daniel 10:8

10:8 I alone was left to see this great vision. My strength drained from ⁶  me, and my vigor disappeared; ⁷  I was without energy. ⁸ 

Daniel 10:17

10:17 How, sir, am I able to speak with you? ⁹  My strength is gone, ¹⁰  and I am breathless.”

Daniel 11:4

11:4 Shortly after his rise to power, ¹¹  his kingdom will be broken up and distributed toward the four winds of the sky ¹²  – but not to his posterity or with the authority he exercised, for his kingdom will be uprooted and distributed to others besides these.

Daniel 11:6

11:6 After some years have passed, they ¹³  will form an alliance. Then the daughter ¹⁴  of the king of the south will come to the king of the north to make an agreement, but she will not retain her power, ¹⁵  nor will he continue ¹⁶  in his strength. ¹⁷  She, together with the one who brought her, her child, ¹⁸  and her benefactor will all be delivered over at that time. ¹⁹ 

Daniel 11:17

11:17 His intention ²⁰  will be to come with the strength of his entire kingdom, and he will form alliances. ²¹  He will give the king of the south ²²  a daughter ²³  in marriage in order to destroy the kingdom, but it will not turn out to his advantage.

[8:7]  ¹ tn Heb “him.”

[8:7]  ² tn Heb “the ram.”

[8:7]  ³ tn Heb “stand before him.”

[8:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:7]  ⁵ sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance which he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 B.C.), Isus (333 B.C.), and Gaugemela (331 B.C.).

[10:8]  ⁶ tn Heb “did not remain in.”

[10:8]  ⁷ tn Heb “was changed upon me for ruin.”

[10:8]  ⁸ tn Heb “strength.”

[10:17]  ⁹ tn Heb “How is the servant of this my lord able to speak with this my lord?”

[10:17]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “does not stand.”

[11:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and when he stands.”

[11:4]  ¹² tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[11:6]  ¹³ sn Here they refers to Ptolemy II Philadelphus (ca. 285-246 B.C.) and Antiochus II Theos (ca. 262-246 B.C.).

[11:6]  ¹⁴ sn The daughter refers to Berenice, who was given in marriage to Antiochus II Theos.

[11:6]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “the strength of the arm.”

[11:6]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “stand.” So also in vv. 7, 8, 11, 13.

[11:6]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and his arm.” Some understand this to refer to the descendants of the king of the north.

[11:6]  ¹⁸ tc The present translation reads יַלְדָּה (yaldah, “her child”) rather than the MT יֹלְדָהּ (yolÿdah, “the one who begot her”). Cf. Theodotion, the Syriac, and the Vulgate.

[11:6]  ¹⁹ sn Antiochus II eventually divorced Berenice and remarried his former wife Laodice, who then poisoned her husband, had Berenice put to death, and installed her own son, Seleucus II Callinicus (ca. 246-227 B.C.), as the Seleucid king.

[11:17]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and he will set his face.” Cf. vv. 18, 19.

[11:17]  ²¹ tc The present translation reads מֵישָׁרִים (mesharim, “alliances”) for the MT וִישָׁרִים (viysharim, “uprightness”).

[11:17]  ²² tn Heb “him”; the referent (the king of the south) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:17]  ²³ tn Heb “the daughter of the women.”

[11:17]  sn The daughter refers to Cleopatra, the daughter of Antiochus, who was given in marriage to Ptolemy V.